Betula nigra Northern - Deciduous - River Birch, Water Birch Page

Discover the exceptional beauty and adaptability of Betula nigra, commonly known as River Birch, a versatile tree native to the Eastern United States. This medium to large-sized deciduous tree, part of the Betulaceae family, thrives in USDA zones 4 to 9 and adapts gracefully to a range of environments, from floodplains and low elevations to semi-aquatic conditions. Known for its fast growth and impressive height of 40 to 70 feet, River Birch can be cultivated as a striking single-trunk tree with a pyramidal shape when young, or as a picturesque multi-trunked tree with an irregular crown.

Admired for its ornamental appeal, River Birch features striking salmon-pink to reddish-brown exfoliating bark, which reveals lighter hues underneath and provides year-round visual interest. Its diamond-shaped, dark green leaves turn a brilliant yellow in the fall, while its unique monoecious flowers bloom from April to May, attracting various bird species.

Preferring moist, acidic soils, River Birch excels in full sun to part shade and displays remarkable tolerance for wet, clay, and even drought-prone soils, making it an ideal choice for rain gardens and naturalized areas. This tree showcases excellent resistance to birch borer, deer, and air pollution, although minor susceptibility to aphids and leaf miner exists. Utilize soaker hoses and bark mulch to maintain optimal moisture and root zone temperature, and avoid pruning during sap flow in spring.

River Birch serves as an outstanding specimen or shade tree for lawns and parks and is particularly well-suited for wet soils alongside ponds, streams, or low spots. Consider the ornamental Heritage cultivar for elevated aesthetic value. Whether enhancing a landscape's beauty or providing essential shade, River Birch is the perfect choice for both residential and commercial properties.