Juniperus chinensis - Common Bonsai,Shrub - Chinese Juniper Page

Juniperus chinensis, commonly known as Chinese Juniper or 圆柏, 桧, is a versatile shrub or tree that can reach heights of 1-20 meters. Native to northeast Asia, including China, Mongolia, Japan, Korea, and the southeast of Russia, this coniferous evergreen prefers moist, well-drained soil and full sun. It tolerates lime and is the parent of numerous highly variable cultivars, ranging from prostrate forms to fastigiate trees.

The Chinese Juniper has a mix of juvenile needle-like leaves, which are 5-10 mm long, and adult scale-leaves, which are 1.5-3 mm long. This species is often dioecious, with separate male and female plants, but some individuals produce both sexes of flowers. Its blue-black berry-like cones are 7-12 mm in diameter and contain 2-4 seeds. The male cones, which are 2-4 mm long, shed their pollen in early spring.

Frequently used as an ornamental tree or shrub in gardens and parks, Chinese Juniper has over 100 named cultivars selected for various characteristics, such as yellow foliage, permanently juvenile foliage, columnar crown shape, and abundant cones. It is particularly recognized as a popular bonsai subject, with the cultivar 'Shimpaku' being highly sought after. Additionally, a hybrid between Juniperus chinensis and Juniperus sabina, known as Juniperus × pfitzeriana or Pfitzer Juniper, is commonly cultivated as a shrub.

Beyond its ornamental uses, this species has medicinal properties. Its stems are used in the treatment of parasitic skin problems and rheumatism, while the fruit is used for convulsions, excessive sweating, and hepatitis. The root is utilized for burns and scalds, and the resin, when mixed with the resin of Pinus species, is used as a resolvent for tumors.

Overall, the Chinese Juniper is a versatile and attractive plant that can be enjoyed both in natural landscapes and as a decorative addition to gardens. Its variability, adaptability, and medicinal properties make it a valuable species for various purposes.