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The Virginia strawberry, also known as the wild strawberry or common strawberry (Fragaria virginiana), is a native North American plant that played a vital role in the creation of the modern domesticated garden strawberry. This plant is found in the United States (including Alaska) and Canada, with a popular variety called "Little Scarlet" being grown exclusively in Great Britain.

The Virginia strawberry prefers a sunny position with fertile, well-drained, and moisture-retentive soil. While it can tolerate semi-shade, fruit production may be reduced in such conditions. This perennial plant will come back each year, providing a continuous harvest of sweet and succulent fruits. The berries are small, but delicious, measuring up to 20mm in diameter. Additionally, the dried leaves of the Virginia strawberry can be used as a pleasant tea substitute and are rich in vitamin C.

Not only is the Virginia strawberry known for its edible fruits, but it also possesses medicinal properties. The whole plant is antiseptic, astringent, emmenagogue, galactogogue, and odontalgic. It has been traditionally used to regulate the menstrual cycle and has been used as a tooth cleaner. The fruits can be held in the mouth or rubbed over the teeth to remove tartar.

In terms of cultivation, the Virginia strawberry thrives in fertile, well-drained, and moisture-retentive soil. It appreciates a mulch of pine or spruce leaves. Along with another strawberry species, Fragaria chiloensis, the Virginia strawberry is believed to be one of the parent species of cultivated strawberries. The cultivar 'Little Scarlet' is a form of this species and is occasionally cultivated in Britain for its fruit.

To propagate the Virginia strawberry, seeds can be sown in early spring in a greenhouse. The germination process may take around four weeks or more. The seedlings are initially small and slow-growing but will eventually grow rapidly. Alternatively, the plant can be propagated through division of runners, preferably in July or August. The runners can be planted directly into their permanent positions.

In summary, the Virginia strawberry is a beloved native North American plant that produces sweet and succulent fruits. Its adaptability to different soil types and its medicinal properties make it a valuable addition to gardens and medicinal herb collections. With proper care and cultivation, gardeners can enjoy the delicious fruits and reap the benefits of this versatile plant.