Alnus incana ssp. rugosa - Shrub - Hazel Alder, Smooth Alder, Speckled Alder, Swamp Alder Page

Discover the fast-growing and nitrogen-fixing Alnus incana ssp. rugosa, commonly known as Hazel Alder, Smooth Alder, or Speckled Alder. A perfect pioneer species for re-establishing woodlands on disused farmlands or tricky sites. Thanks to its speedy growth, it gives shelter to more enduring woodland trees, aiding their establishment. The bacteria on Speckled Alder's roots fix nitrogen from the atmosphere, aiding its growth in poor soils and supporting surrounding vegetation. The Latin name "rugosa" signifies the network of sunken veins prominent on the lower leaf surfaces.
This shrub or small tree can grow up to 15 ft high and features light reddish-brown, hairy branches. Older twigs turn dark brown to purplish-black, hairless, dotted with conspicuous light warty dots, showcasing a 3-sided pith. The leaves are matt green, ovoid, and 5-11 cm long and 4-8 cm broad, with coarsely and unevenly double-toothed margins. Delicate flowers bloom on catkins in the spring and by late autumn, display small 1-2 mm winged seeds in dark, woody cones.
Beyond aiding reforestation, this alder variant has more uses – it offers an extensive root system for controlling bank erosion and its bark can be used as a dark dye. An excellent choice for anyone looking to drive natural, ecologically friendly landscape recovery or just to add some beautiful, fast-growing greenery.