Looking for a tree species to help re-establish woodlands on difficult sites or abandoned farmland? Consider Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia, also known as Thinleaf Alder or Mountain Alder, native to Western North America, including New Mexico to California and Alaska. Its fast growth rate allows for quicker establishment of more permanent woodland trees, and the bacteria on its roots fix atmospheric nitrogen, which can benefit nearby plants. Additionally, Alder's extensive root system is great for controlling erosion on banks. This species also contributes to building up humus content in soil when its leaves fall in the autumn. While Alder seedlings may not thrive in shady woodland conditions, it can still be a useful pioneer tree. The bark and strobiles are a source of tannin, and a dark dye can be obtained from the bark. The wood is durable in water and can be used locally as fuel. Overall, Thinleaf Alder is an excellent option for re-establishing woodland.