Trifolium repens, also known as Dutch Clover, Irish Shamrock, True Irish Shamrock, and White Clover, is a low-growing, perennial legume native to Europe, North Africa, and West Asia. Its thick growth and winter hardiness make it useful for pasture, soil stabilization, wildlife forage, and hay. Trifolium repens prefers medium-fertility soils with a pH between 6.0 - 6.5 and thrives in moist soil conditions. It is also known for producing unpredictable numbers of four-leafed clovers considered lucky. White Clover is a key forage legume and is commonly grown in mixtures with forage grasses. It is also frequently used as a companion plant, green manure, and cover crop due to its ability to fix nitrogen and out-compete weeds. Besides being an excellent forage crop for livestock, the leaves and flowers of Trifolium repens are a valuable survival food high in proteins and are commonly added to salads. Dried white clover flowers may also be smoked as an herbal alternative to tobacco. Trifolium repens has value as a pollen and nectar source, particularly in intensively farmed areas or amenity grasslands where there are few other flowers. It is also the only known plant on which the caterpillars of the Coleophoridae case-bearer moth Coleophora mayrella feed.