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Pinus maximartinezii, also known as Big-cone Pinyon, Martinez Pinyon, or Maxipinon, is a unique and attractive ornamental tree. It differs from other pinyon species with its massive cones and large seeds. This species is native to central Mexico and is highly localized in a small area of the southern Sierra Madre Occidental in southern Zacatecas. It thrives in warm, temperate, and dry climate conditions at moderate altitudes of 1800-2400 meters and 21° North latitude.

The Pinus maximartinezii tree typically reaches a height of 5-15 meters with a trunk diameter of up to 50 cm. Its bark is brown, thick, and fissured at the base of the trunk. The leaves, also known as needles, grow in fascicles of five and are slender, measuring 7-13 cm in length. The leaves have a deep green to blue-green color, with stomata confined to a bright white band on the inner surfaces.

The most striking feature of Pinus maximartinezii is its massive, ovoid cones. These cones can grow up to 27 cm in length and 14 cm in width, weighing up to 2 kg when closed. Initially green, the cones ripen to a yellow-brown color after 26-28 months. The cones have very thick, woody scales, with typically 30-60 fertile scales. Unlike most pines, the scales of Pinus maximartinezii are not flexible but rigid. When mature, the cones open to a diameter of 10-15 cm.

The seeds of Pinus maximartinezii are 2-3 cm in length and have a thick shell. They also have a vestigial wing measuring 1-2 mm. Interestingly, the seedlings of this species have the highest number of cotyledons, ranging from 18-24, which is the most reported for any plant.

This species remained undiscovered until 1964 when Jerzy Rzedowski, a Mexican botanist, noticed unusually large pine nuts being sold in local markets. Following this discovery, investigations led to the identification of Pinus maximartinezii. Due to its remote isolation, this species escaped recognition until then.

Pinus maximartinezii is not only a unique tree but also faces threats to its survival. Like other pinyon species, its seeds are edible, and this poses a risk to its regeneration. The majority of the seeds produced are harvested, limiting natural regrowth of the pines.

Despite its endangered status, Pinus maximartinezii has recently started being cultivated as an attractive ornamental tree. Its distinctive features, including the massive cones and large seeds, make it a visually appealing addition to landscapes. It is important to note that the Mexican government has recognized the critical status of this species and declared it endangered.

To learn more about Pinus maximartinezii and its conservation efforts, visit our website or refer to the provided references.

References:
- Wikipedia. Pinus maximartinezii. Retrieved from [link]
- Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. Pinus maximartinezii. Retrieved from [link]